How Congress Works And Why You Should Care - 1750 Words

Abstract This written report is appertaining to the book How Congress Works and Why You Should Care, written by Lee H. Hamilton. This book is published by Indiana University Press in Bloomington, IL, it was copyrighted in 2004 by the publisher. Summary The book How Congress Works, by Lee H. Hamilton, tells us a brief summary of the interworking’s of congress. The book begins to convey the role of congress in chapter one, the author begins with congresses important roles in our democracy. Which are passing budgets, manage conflicts that arise, debate issues facing the country and most importantly to act within the system of checks and balances. In our government neither congress nor president is supreme, most of the authority is with the citizens. The United States government is balanced into three branches of government: Congress, POTUS, SCOTUS, the House of Representatives and the Senate: also between the Federal Government and the States. The States are broken down into different regions with different issues facing them and different interests eventually boiling down to the bill of rights. Congress has the power of lawmaking, along with what the President’s agenda is, recommending bills to congress, and the power o f the President to veto bills. Congress contains the power of the purse in which Congress controls the power of taxation and spending. Congress legislations and policies control some aspects of our lives like taxation or when they regulate us. Our GovernmentShow MoreRelatedWhy Congress Should Have Term Limits1607 Words   |  7 PagesIf Congress should have term limits or not has been a long debated question that is suggested as an amendment to the qualifications division of the Constitution. There are outstanding arguments on both side of the issue 5; unconstitutionality versus limiting power and mixture versus seniority are just a few. Term limits are requirement to upload the founder’s objectives, to inhibit unfair advantages given to resident, and to permit an assembly of additional benefits. Opponents of term limits haveRead MoreAge Discrimination And The Work World Today With Age Diversification1630 Words   |  7 PagesAre businesses prepared for what is amounting in the work world today with age diversification? All humans in general are healthier thus living longer which means they are working longer periods in the business world. You are starting to hear more and more cases about age discrimination and big businesses are aware of this occurrence. Age discrimination can be the most harmful act to happen to a business. The Age Discrimination Act was passed in 1967; it states all workers who are 40 and olderRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence From England880 Words   |  4 Pagesissue to the vote. The main leaders wrote drafts of the declaration and each reviewed the others work to make sure that everything was ready to show congress the final draft on June 28, 1776. All though the CBS broadcast reenacted the singing of the Declaration of Independence very well, no one will ever know the actual history of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. The CBS broadcast, â€Å"You Are There† reenacts the signing of the Declaration of Independence, but of course there are someRead MoreThe United States And National Government1621 Words   |  7 Pageswould exercise authority to the citizens benefit: If their the people s rights are invaded by either, they can make use of the other as the instrument of redress. James Madison and Alexander Hamilton had two different ideas about how the national government should work in practice. There are three general understandings of Federalism, they are state-sovereignty, states rights, and nationalism. State sovereignty means that the federal government is merely an agent of the states, while states retainRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Obama Care )908 Words   |  4 Pagesor not I believe that the Affordable Care Act (Obama Care) should be repealed, replaced with something else, or stay in its current form. I believe that Obama Care should be fully repealed. However, I don’t believe that just repealing this legislation is enough. I believe that there should be a series of reforms ready for implementation that follow free market principles and that will restore economic freedom. There are far more cons than pros about Obama Care, which is all the more reason that itRead MoreEssay about Congress and the Law Making Process1376 Words   |  6 PagesBranch consists of Congress, which is made up of two parts; The House of Representatives and the Senate. These two parts of Congress was a result of the 1789 Compromise between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan. The Virginia Plan was about states wanted more representation in Congress because they were bigger states. From that plan the New Jersey Plan was brought forth. The New Jersey Plan basically said was smaller and bigger states should have equal power in Congress, so the bigger statesRead MoreThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Obama Has Gone Too Far1411 Words   |  6 Pages On March 23, 2010 President Barack Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. Since then, the bill has been one of the most debated issues in recent history. Is this Act good for busines s? Is this Act Constitutional? Jason Sweatt, a certified public accountant at Elliot Davis states, â€Å"The Act has tax impact, directly or indirectly, on every American. This impact will unfold over the next seven to 10 years and we all need to pay attention so we don’t get hit withRead MoreThe United States Immigration System1493 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States’ immigration system has several flaws that no one seems to know how to address. There have been several attempts to correct these flaws like accommodating immigrants with the Dream Act and trying to eliminate illegal entries into the U.S by spending billions of dollars on border patrol. However, there are flaws in those attempts also. For example, according to Daniel Gonzalez, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrival (DACA) recipients are having a hard time finding jobs and, in someRead MoreThe Issue Of Health Care1674 Words   |  7 Pageshealthcare has been a debate in many countries for many years. On the surface, it seems like an easy answer. But, why do so many people disagree? Over the past few centuries, it has been an issue that tears the unification of people apart. But why? Is it something that can be solved outside of the government s help, or is it a problem that will plague the world for its entirety? When you get down to it, it becomes a simple question: Socialism or Capitalism? I’ll let the facts speak for themselvesRead MoreHow Conversation Was Topical Cohesion Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe other element Tannen found important to conversation was topical cohesion, being â€Å"how speakers introduce and develop topics in relation to their own and others prior and projected talk,† (â€Å"Gender Differences in Conversational Coherence† 168). In this, the women were quick to find topics to talk about. Their conversations were personal, even at a young age. They talked about few topics, but expanded on them all. Men were, again, completely different. They talked about m any topics and had a hard

Essay Technological Determinism - 1184 Words

Technological determinism is a term developed by Marshal McLuhan, a theorist in the study of new media. By technological determinism, McLuhan refers to technology having the power to change societies and influence our cultures. In this essay I will argue that technology does have the power to change society and influence a civilization, using ideas put forward by Marshal McLuhan. I will also discuss the debate around technological determinism recognizing the claims made by Raymond Williams that society shapes technology as we look back at its emergence and their subsequent control. Both theorists have an interest in new media but it is the argument between weather technologies can shape society or is society shaping technology (LM†¦show more content†¦From experience, I for one believe that technology has had a major impact on my culture , In Fiji if a man wished to be with a woman by our culture he has to go and let the woman’s family know about his intentions of being with the woman and ask them for permission before taking her out on a date. Nowadays this important part of our culture is history, a man just has to call the woman on her cell phone and ask her out on a date without her parents knowing. Now that I look at the changes that have happened in my culture, I think that it is a shame to watch our culture and traditions being influenced by technology. McLuhan with his writing’s makes us think about the power of technology and its abilities to rearrange society. Raymond Williams on the other hand claims that technology does not shape society as he studies the emergence of technology and comes to the conclusion that is society that has control over technology and determines its uses and ability. Williams argues that technology should not be looked at as a totally different sphere that was separate form human life. Williams argued that technology is a social need in which it was invented. William’s argues against McLuhan’s claims that the forms of technologies are predetermined and says that technologyShow MoreRelatedSocial Shaping of Technology and Technological Determinism1417 Words   |  6 Pagest Social Context of Society Social Context of Technology – Essay â€Å"Technology is an independent factor impacting on society from outside society† Discuss with reference to both the Technological Determinist and the Social Shaping of Technology perspectives. The power technology obtains is incredible. In recent years it’s advanced greatly and I believe its limits is only our imagination. It is evolving at a quicker rate than ever and its Read MoreSocial Shaping of Technology and Technological Determinism1431 Words   |  6 Pagest Social Context of Society Social Context of Technology – Essay â€Å"Technology is an independent factor impacting on society from outside society† Discuss with reference to both the Technological Determinist and the Social Shaping of Technology perspectives. The power technology obtains is incredible. In recent years it’s advanced greatly and I believe its limits is only our imagination. It is evolving at a quicker rate than ever and its happeningRead MoreThe Focus Of This Essay Will Be An Argument By Peter Van1902 Words   |  8 PagesThe focus of this essay will be an argument by Peter Van Inwagen known as the â€Å"Consequence Argument.† The argument’s main goal is to refute compatibilism, or the idea that free will and determinism are reconcilable. Van Inwagen’s argument can be expressed as follows: 1. Assume determinism, the idea that the laws of nature and the state of the past are consistent with exactly one future outcome, is true. 2. A person p has no choice about what happened in the past. 3. P also has no choice about whatRead MoreWhat Are Technological Determinism, Scot, Feminism, Semiotic Approach, Cultural / Media Studies Approach?1175 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are: technological determinism, SCOT, feminism, semiotic approach, cultural/media studies approach? Technological determinism is a reductionist theory that presumes that a society s technology drives the development of its social structure and cultural values. Social construction of technology (also referred to as SCOT) is a theory within the field of Science and Technology Studies. Advocates of SCOT—that is, social constructivists—argue that technology does not determine human action, butRead MoreEnvironmental Determinism and Biological Determinism600 Words   |  3 PagesEnvironmental Determinism and Biological Determinism can set restrictions on a person’s behavior. Environmental Determinism is the view that the environment can have a great impact on a person’s behavior. Environmental Determinism is known as the name Climatic Determinism or the name Geographical Determinism. Biological Determinism is the view that a person’s genetic material can set limits on a person’s behavior. Environmental Determinism and Biological Determinism are different because they limitRead MoreInformation System Essay2713 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Information System Essay Candidate Number: 135702 Draw from the sociotechnical debate to discuss the emergence of two technologies - one developed before 1920 and one after. What are the implications of your analysis for our understanding of technological innovations? You are advised to choose technologies we have been discussing in the lectures and seminars. There is no denying that technology has been an ever-apparent part of the human society. Today, technology is used in a variety of ways andRead MoreSocial Construction of Technology3292 Words   |  14 Pagesfinally agrees to the fact that the technology transformed his life. Technology is considered as a driving force for human evolution, today technology is considered to have an independent existence rather being considered as a human creation. Technological determinists are of the opinion that technology follows a path which is self-predicted and does not have a social or political influence over it. This ideology defeats the belief that humans are the creators of the so called technology. The existenceRead MoreJared Diamonds Views on Environmental Determinism Essay794 Words   |  4 Pagesshines where most do not. His book, Guns, Germs, and Steel, proposes an idea that has long been established called environmental determinism. Most view environmental determinism as a racist theory attributing a peoples’ intelligence only to their oppressive climates and geographical barriers. Diamond instead has created a theory that applies environmental determinism to only a peoples’ technology—not the people themselves. This has given researchers valuable tools that allow them to explain whyRead MoreThe Circle Theme Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pagestechnologically advancing community. By applying ideas like technological determinism and McDonaldization to the Circle’s intrusive security measures and inauthentic interaction, Eggers draws a direct parallel to America’s modern society and forces the readers to question the possible dystopian implications of a technocentric culture. Through the character of Mae Holland, The Circle reflects the misconstrued value of modern day technological determinism. Throughout the novel, Eggers presents the CircleRead MoreTechnology Is A Force For Social Change1257 Words   |  6 PagesFacebook has been a one of the biggest phenomenons for the past decade and has had a huge affect mostly on the younger population. Technological determinism is that technology is a force for social change and Facebook does have some of the aspects of this. It is factor of â€Å"The Global Village† because we rely on it to connect with other people from all over the world. Facebook has fortified behaviors such as narcissism and shyness. In the younger generations Facebook has problems with dependency and

Ensure Safety in Workplace Small Firms

Question: Discuss about the Ensure Safety in Workplace for Small Firms. Answer: Introduction A safe and healthy working environment is crucial for the success of business in terms of retaining staff members and maximizes the productivity. Although the process of implementation of safe practices is a bit expensive, the effect of not implementing the practices can be severe. Workplace health and safety is essential for the public, customers and employees and knowing the WHS laws can be beneficial in this regard. The WHS obligations state that the employees should be provided safe premises, safe materials and machinery, safe working systems, suitable facilities and working environment and workers compensation and insurance for the employees. Complying with these obligations can help to retain the skilled staff members and prevent prosecutions and fines. This is an audit report of the Bolt and Catch Pty Ltd and consists of the observations and recommendations of a WHS audit conducted at the working premises by the production manager. Compliance with legislation Under Section 17 of the WHS Act, the persons, upon whom duties have been imposed by this Act, are required to ensure health and safety in the workplace by eliminating or minimizing the risks to health and safety of the persons at the workplace. (Work Health and Safety Act, 2011 2016). Duties will be imposed upon persons under this Act who conduct a business or an undertaking if: Workers are engaged by them or if the work carried out by the workers are directed or influenced by them. The other persons are put at risk by their business conduct. The workplace is managed or controlled by them. Plant, structures or substances, which are to be used in the workplace, are manufactured, designed or imported by them. On Inspection, it was found that some of the employees were not wearing protective equipments and some of the new machines did not have guarding around the stamping press. Hence, we may conclude that their employers exposed the workers to risks and that they have breached section 17 of the WHS Act. As per the Act, if employers fail to take proper care of their workers while they are at work then they may have to pay penalties and fines. In this case, since the employer has failed to comply with the requirements of the Act involving the highest level of seriousness and culpability he may be held liable for category 1 offence paying a fine of 3 million dollars. Section 18 of this Act lays down the meaning of reasonably practicable. To decide what is reasonably practicable the following matters need to be weighed and considered: The possibility of the occurrence of a risk or a hazard. The degree of injury or harm which may occur due to such hazard or risk Knowledge about such hazard or risk and ways to minimize or eliminate it. Suitability of ways for the elimination of such risk. Assessment of cost required to minimize or eliminate such risk (Stavropoulos 2014). Meaning of key terms Hazard: The term hazard is referred to a situation or a thing which has the potential to cause harm to a person. The following may be included within hazard at workplace: Machinery which produces noise A moving forklift Repetitive job Electricity Chemicals Working at heights Violence at workplace Bullying Risk: The term risk' is referred to the possibility that harm, such as injury, illness or death, might occur when a person is exposed to a hazard. Risk control: The term risk control refers to the taking action of eliminating risks related to health and safety and, if eradication of such risks is not possible, to the minimisation of such risk. The elimination of a hazard includes the elimination of any risk which is associated with the hazard. Section 47 of this Act imposes a duty upon the persons who conduct business or an undertaking to consult with the workers who may be directly affected matter relating to health and safety. If some procedures have been agreed upon between the workers and the persons conducting the business, then, those procedures are to be followed in consultation. The penalty imposed for non-compliance with this duty is $100 000 (if a body corporate disobeys such duty) and $20 000 (if an individual disobeys such duty) Section 48 provides for the sharing of all relevant information about the health and safety matter with the workers. The workers are required to be given a reasonable opportunity for raising issues, expressing their views relating to the matter and for contributing to the process of decision making with respect to the matter. The workers views are required to be considered and taken into account by the persons who are responsible for conducting the undertaking or business. The workers, with whom the consultation process has been carried on, are also required to be advised of the consultations outcome on time. If there is a representative of the workers relating to their health and safety matters, then such representative is required to be involved in the consultation. Section 46 requires coordination and cooperation of activities between all the duty holders who have a duty relating to health and safety on the same matter. The penalty imposed for non-compliance with this duty is $100 000 (if a body corporate disobeys such duty) and $20 000 (if an individual disobeys such duty). In the instant case, the persons conducting the business have failed to ensure health and safety of the workers, Firstly; in the Press Room some employees were not wearing any safety equipment. The pressroom was extremely noisy and the employees operating the Chinese presses were devoid of any protective equipment and the new machines did not have any guarding, which clearly indicates that the persons conducting the business have not taken adequate steps to protect the employees from risk. Secondly, the persons conducting the business also failed to protect the employees from risk caused by the forklift drivers. Thus, a violation of Section 17 has been caused by the duty holders under this Act and they are liable under Sections 46, 47 and 48. Risk Management Identification of hazards To identify hazards in the workplace, things and situations should be found which are harmful. The following aspects of work are prone to causing hazard in the workplace: Materials, substances and equipment used Environment of work Kinds of tasks allocated to the workers and the way of their performance The design and management of work In the instant case, the way of performance of the workers of Bolt and Catch Pty Ltd, and the rash acts of the forklift drivers could be identified of causing hazards. Additionally, work environment of this organization was not good and comfortable, due to the noise that prevailed in the Press Room; workers had to shout at each other for ensuring that they are able to hear each other. Assessing the hazards The potential hazards can be assessed by inspecting the workplace, by consulting the workers and availing information from the technical specialists, industry associations, regulators and safety consultants. Inspection of the workplace at a regular basis would help to assess the hazards. The following things should be considered carefully: Whether the present conditions of work ensure safety and health of the workers? Whether the equipments and tools used are safe or not? Have any changes taken place in the workplace which has the potential to cause harm to the workers? As per the facts stated in the case study, on inspection, it may be concluded that the employer did not ensure safety and health of the workers at the workplace. Though, the workers were given protective equipments to wear however, none of the measures were taken to ensure that they were wearing the safety equipments regularly. Additionally, new machines do not have any guarding around the stamping press. Hence, Bolt and Catch Pty Ltd, has not taken any measures to assess the hazards that exist in the organization. Controlling the risks The most important step to be taken for controlling the risk is to eradicate the risks so far as is reasonably practicable, and if eradication of the risks is not possible, then the risks should be minimized so far as is reasonable practicable. Consulting with the workers and their representatives would also help in controlling the risk (Barrett et al. 2014) Hierarchy of risk control There are three levels of controlling risks under the WHS Regulations which are required to be followed by the duty holders to ensure safety and health of the workers (Georg 2014). The following chart represents these three levels: Recommendations for control of hazards and risks It is evident that every company in Australia has to comply with certain work health and safety (WHS) laws which are established by the Australian Parliament. Thus, here is the list of recommendations which companies can follow to ensure that they comply with Workplace health and safety (WHS) laws in Australia. Thus, with appropriate management skills on behalf of the employers of any organisation in Australia, compliance with the rules and regulations of Workplace health and safety (WHS) laws can be achieved successfully. Thus, in the present case, a strict management rule that it is mandatory for all employees to wear protection equipments when they enter a Room which requires the same or engage in any operational activity which is unsafe, thus, in the present case, the Chinese workers should have been controlled by management to not work without protection equipments. Therefore, appropriate management which is strict in nature can prevent various accidents and injuries at workplace. Additionally consultation sessions are to be arranged by employers which are an integral part of managing risk and hazards. Consultation session provide better knowledge, awareness, healthy and positive work relations which in returns helps to improve the health and safety of employees in Australia. Like in this case, it was noted that the employees were not wearing protective equipments and they had a very casual and lenient attitude towards the safety rules of the organisation. Making the employees aware of their safety and encouraging them to wear protective equipments will not only help the employees but also the employers from saving them from the fines that will be imposed. Lastly, employers should strictly prohibit alcohol and drug consumption by employees at workplace. Thus, Alcohol and drugs management policies and procedures are very important and controlling the same affects the health and safety of the entire organisation. An employee who is drunk or addicted to drugs is dangerous in nature and can harm other employees or even the employer, thus controlling the consumption of alcohol and drugs is very important in maintaining health and safety at work place. Conclusion From the WHS audit, it can be said that there were several violations of the WHS obligations in Bolt and Catch Pty Ltd. The production manager found a severe violation of the WHS legal requirements on several instances and has included the appropriate penalties and recommendations in the report. The found hazards have been entered in the BC risk register and have been reported in the appendix as the code of practice. A procedure has been drafted for identification of the hazards with their assessment and controlling the risks. Finally, recommendations have been made to ensure compliance with the relevant WHS legislations and sections of the act. The goal of the workplace health and safety is to foster a healthy and safe workplace for the employees as well as the customers, employers, family members and the co-workers. It is the responsibility of the employers to take care of the safety of the employees and the responsibility of the employees to abide by the laws of the WHS legal requ irements. Bibliography Barrett, R., Mayson, S. Bahn, S. 2014, "Small firms and health and safety harmonization: Potential regulatory effects of a dominant narrative",Journal of Industrial Relations,vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 62-80. Georg, D., 2014. Safety case guideline: Clarifying the safety case concept to engineer due diligence under the provisions of the model Workplace Health Safety Act 2011.Safety case guideline: Clarifying the safety case concept to engineer due diligence under the provisions of the model Workplace Health Safety Act 2011, p.24. Grasso, M., 2016. Work health and safety resources and advice. Helping you manage your WHS obligations: Directory Better Business2013, , Fairfax Digital, Wollongong, N.S.W. Knight, T. and Winter, B., 2012. Update on directors' duties under new WHS laws: Remoteness not a defence against personal liability.Keeping Good Companies,64(5), p.295. ONeill, S. and Wolfe, K., 2014. Officers' Due Diligence: Is Work Health and Safety an Accounting Problem.Journal of Health Safety Research Practice,6(1), pp.15-21. Pagura, I. 2013, "Work Health and Safety Act 2011: Do you know what this means for your workplace?",Journal of the Australian Traditional-Medicine Society,vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 117-121. Robinson, R. and Francis, G., 2014. SFAIRP vs ALARP.CORE 2014: Rail Transport For A Vital Economy, p.661. Schofield, T., Reeve, B. McCallum, R. 2014, "Australian workplace health and safety regulatory approaches to prosecution: Hegemonising compliance",Journal of Industrial Relations,vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 709-729. Stavropoulos, S., 2014. Management of workplace health safety risks in new disability care arrangements.International Journal of Disability Management,9, p.e34. WORK HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT 2011, (2016).New South Wales Consolidated Acts. www.austlii.edu.au. Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/whasa2011218/ Work Health and Safety Act, 2011, (2016).Work Health and Safety Act 2011 No 10. www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/. Available at: https://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/inforce/f8df8095-a335-66a0-8828-f33d06042cb9/2011-10.pdf.

The Influence of Polish Cuisine and Traditions in American Society Essay Example

The Influence of Polish Cuisine and Traditions in American Society Essay Poland is situated in the very heart of Europe. The geometrical central point of the whole continent can be found in the town of Schowola in the east of the country. Poland is 1,042 years old. Officially founded in 966 when prince Mieszko I adopted Christianity as the official religion, which resulted in the new establishment of political bonds with the rest of the Europe. The population of Poland is around 38 million. The World War II toll on Poland was a staggering 6 million-including 3 million Jews slaughtered in the Nazi death camps. At present, more than 98 percent of the people are Poles, with small groups of Ukrainians, Belorussians, Germans, Slovaks and Lithuanians. Polish traditional food, a cuisine that was suppressed during Communist times, is now making a comeback. Polish Food is diverse and delicious. It is made with almost all of the four basic food groups in mind, with a little something from each in every dish (Veterano, 2008). Polish cuisine and dining table etiquette is a perfect reflection of the warmth in the Polish character. Having a meal with ones family is not just consumption of food it is celebration. Guests are always welcomed (Grocer, 2006). Breakfasts are generally heavy with vegetables and cold cuts of meat; dinners, even more so. Only suppers are a tad lighter, perhaps, keeping in touch with the universal proverb: After dinner rest a while, after supper walk a mile. The Poles are the original potato eaters and potatoes have been the darlings of the Polish kitchens through centuries. Meat is also a mainstay (cold cuts and sausages mainly) and is grilled more or less ceremoniously at the country home, in the garden, or on the front lawn (Zamojska-Hutchins, 1985). We will write a custom essay sample on The Influence of Polish Cuisine and Traditions in American Society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Influence of Polish Cuisine and Traditions in American Society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Influence of Polish Cuisine and Traditions in American Society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Poland is a haven for food buffs. Polish cuisine ranges from the simple to the exotic, with a dish to suit the most eclectic and eccentric of taste buds. In Poland, you have staple foods, seasonal foods as well as territorial foods. Polish food ranges from kielbasa (Polish sausage), to Golabki (stuffed pigeon) and bigos (hunters stew) to stuffed eggs, and from dumpling soup to mushrooms in sour cream. Meat is an important feature of most Polish food, so the main meal in Poland nearly always consists of some type of meat. Pork is the national meat of Poland and many main course dishes will contain it. There are also many other dishes containing meat and other dishes containing fish. These fish dishes make use of: eel, pike, perch, carp, sturgeon, sea fish, catfish and many others. There are also many desserts like poppy seed cake, crullers, royal mazurek, a dish much like a cherry pie, saffron babas, and buckwheat and raisin pudding (Veterano, 2008). Dring the Late Middle Ages, the cuisine of Poland was very heavy and spicy. The two main ingredients were meat and cereal. As the territory of Poland was densely forested, use of mushrooms, forest fruits, nuts and honey was also widespread. Thanks to close trade relations with Asia, the price of spices was much lower than in the rest of Europe, and spicy sauces became popular. With the ascension of the Italian queen Bona Sforza, in 1518, countless cooks were brought to Poland from Italy and France. If in France one cannot count all the types of cheese, in Poland the same applies to sausages and cold cuts. Polish food is a mixture of Slavic culinary which is rich in chicken, pork, and different types of noodles (Grocer, 2006). The main meal is eaten about 2pm, and is usually composed of three courses, starting with a soup, followed an appetizer, then the main course which is usually meat (Zamojska-Hutchins, 1985). Until the Partitions, Poland was one of the largest countries in the world, encompassing many regions with their own, distinctive culinary traditions. Among the most influential in that period were Lithuanian, Jewish, German and Hungarian cuisine. With the subsequent decline of Poland, and the grain production crisis that followed The Deluge, potatoes began to replace the traditional use of cereal. Also, because of numerous wars with the Ottoman Empire, coffee became popular. Under the partitions, the cuisine of Poland became heavily influenced by cuisines of the surrounding empires. This included Russian and German cuisines, but also the culinary traditions of most nations of the Austro-Hungarian empire. In the Russian-occupied part of the country, tea displaced the then-popular coffee. Under German influence the tradition of making white sausages was adopted in Greater Poland. Perhaps the most influential was the culinary tradition of multi-national empire of Austria-Hungary, which led to development of a Central European cuisine in Galicia (Veterano, 2008). After the end of World War II, Poland fell under Communist occupation. Restaurants were at first nationalized and then mostly closed down by the authorities. Instead, the communists envisioned a net of lunch rooms for the workers at various companies, and milk bars. The very few restaurants that survived the 1940s and 1950s were state-owned and were mostly unavailable to common people due to high prices (Grocer 2006). The lunch rooms promoted mostly inexpensive meals, including in soups of all kinds and noodles such as pierogi. A typical second course consisted of some sort of a ground meat cutlet served with potatoes. With time, the shortage economy led to chronic shortages of meat, eggs, coffee, tea and other basic ingredients of daily use. Many products like chocolate, sugar, meat were rationed, with a specific limit depending on social class and health requirements. Physical workers and pregnant women were generally entitled to more food products. Imports were restricted, so much of food supply was domestic. Thus no tropical fruits (citrus, banana, pineapple etc. ) were available and fruits and vegetables vere mostly seasonal: occurring only in the summer. For most of the year the Poles had to live by with only domestic winter fruit and vegetables: apples, onions, potatoes, cabbage, root vegetables. This situation led in turn to gradual replacement of traditional Polish cuisine with food prepared of anything that was available at the moment (Kapowski, 1998). Among the popular dishes introduced by the public restaurants was an egg cutlet, a sort of a hamburger made of minced or instant egg and flour. The traditional recipes were mostly preserved during the Wigilia feast (Christmas Eve), for which most families tried to prepare 12 traditional courses. With the end of communism in Poland in 1989, restaurants started to be opened once again and basic foodstuffs were once again easily obtainable. This led to a gradual return of traditional Polish cuisine, both in everyday life and in restaurants. In addition, restaurants and supermarkets promote the usage of ingredients typical to other cuisines of the world. Among the most notable of ingredients that started to be commonly used in Poland were cucurbit, zucchini and all kinds of fish. During communist times, these were available mostly in the seaside regions. At the same time, fast food is growing more and more popular in Poland. Apart from McDonalds and KFC, Pizza Hut is very popular, as well as many Polish pizza chains. Pizza in Poland is characterized by the Polish habit of using ketchup on top of the pizza, rather than sauce. There are many small-scale, quick-service restaurants which usually serve items such as zapiekanka (baguette with cheese, sometimes meat and/or button mushroom and ketchup), kebap, hamburgers, hot dogs and kielbasa (Kapowski, 1998). Bruderszaft is a fraternal toast, a sealing of comradeship and declining it can be seen as an insult. Relationships become more cordial after this ceremony and people graduate to using first name of each other. Bruderszaft is two people raising toasts simultaneously with arms interlocked and downing their drinks together. The last part is an exchange of kisses and a â€Å"Call me Marek,† – â€Å"Call me John† (Nikkhah 2007). There are many different types of Polish food. First there are many different kinds of soups. Chlodnik is a cold soup made of soured milk, young beet leaves, beets, cucumbers and chopped fresh dill. Then there are many different kinds of main dishes. Bigos is a stew of sauerkraut and meat, similar to the French choucroute, but generally less acidic and including unfermented cabbage. Nalesniki is creps which are either folded in to triangles or rolled in to a tube typical servings include sweet white cheese with sugar and sour cream, various fruits topped with bita smietana (whipped cream) or with bite bialka (whipped egg whites). The most popular noodle dish is called Pierogi. Pierogis look like the Chinese dumpling and are usually fried. They can be stuffed with cheese, potato, sauerkraut, blueberries or other fruits. You can top them off with sour cream or sugar. Another widely known dish is Kielbasa. Kielbasa is a Polish sausage that is usually boiled. You can eat it with mustard, ketchup or bar-be-que sauce. Kielbasa also refers to a garlic flavored smoked sausage, made from pork or beef and pork. Kielbasa usually is sold precooked in medium rings about 18 inches long and an inch and a half thick. Polish cuisine also contains many sweet desserts. Paczek resembles a jelly donut. It is filled with rose marmalade or other fruit preservatives. Kutia is the typical Christmas dessert. It is small square pasta with poppy seeds, nuts, raisins, and honey. Zrazy is Polish traditional food that will stick to your ribs. A filling of bacon, breadcrumbs, mushrooms, and cucumber is rolled inside a seasoned slice of sirloin beef then fried or grilled to allow the flavors to mingle. With a side of mizeria, or cucumber salad, you’ll have a meal bursting with all the flavors of the best Polish traditional food. This chilled salad is composed of thinly sliced cucumbers, sprigs of dill, and chopped onion in a sour cream and lemon juice dressing (Nikkhah, 2007). In Poland bread is treated almost with religious reverence since the early days. Many people, until now, mark freshly backed bread with the sign of the cross, newly wed couple is welcomed at the entrance of their home with bread and salt, bread is blessed during Christmas and Easter. Religion is also a big part of the Polish customs. To the Polish families Christmas Eve is more important than Christmas Day. A bunch of hay is put under the tablecloth and it is supposed to bring good crops and remind everyone of the poverty in which Jesus was born. In some houses this is accompanied today by money, a fish scale or bone put into a wallet all to ensure affluence in the New Year. An extra set of plates and cutlery is laid on the table for an unexpected guest. Sometimes an empty plate is a reminder of those who have passed away. Traditionally, Christmas Eve dinner begins when the first star has appears in the sky. The family wishes one another all the best for the New Year and, as a sign of reconciliation, love, friendship and peace, and share oplatek (Christmas wafers) that symbolize holy bread. Fun Facts About Poland, 2008) The dinner consists only of meatless dishes. Traditionally, there should be twelve courses reflecting the number of months in the year or, in different interpretation, Christs apostles. Fun facts about Poland. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 16, 2008, from http://www. funfactsaboutpoland. com/polish-traditions. html. Grocer. Cuisine with a bit of extra Polish. (2006, Nov 18). Business Company Resource Center, p. 49. Kapowski, S. , Ruth, T. (1998). I Am Polish American (Our American Family). New York, NY: Powerkids Press. Nikkhah, R. Polish becomes fastest growing ethnic cuisine. (2007, April 15). Sunday Telegraph, p. 013. Polish Food. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 15, 2008, from http://www. anglik. net/polish_food. htm. Polish Traditional Foods. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 17, 2008, from http://goeasteurope. about. com/od/poland/a/polishfood. htm Veterano, Liz. Cuisine is authentic at Cheektowagas Polish Villa. (2008, May 16). Business First of Buffalo, p. 18. Zamojska-Hutchins, D (1985). Cooking the Polish Way (East Menu Ethnic Cookbooks). Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publishing Group.

Understanding and Preventing Test Anxiety

Understanding and Preventing Test Anxiety Free Online Research Papers Anxiety is a condition that plagues millions of Americans everyday, but how does it affect our children and students? Students suffer everyday from test anxiety which is a type of performance anxiety, a feeling someone might have in a situation were performance is important and there is pressure. Test anxiety is not the same as doing poorly on a test because of distraction or one’s mind being on something else. It is an actual condition. Like all forms of anxiety, test anxiety has many symptoms and signs. Physical signs of test anxiety include perspiration, sweaty palms, headache, upset stomach, rapid heart beat, difficulty breathing, and tense muscles. Students may experience any number of theses signs during a test or exam. All students suffer from some degree of test anxiety, however, when students experience signs like these there is a problem. (Hurley) As all anxiety comes from anticipation, test anxiety is no different; it comes from the anticipation of a test or exam. When the body is under stress it will release adrenaline to prepare it’s self. The adrenaline is what causes physical symptoms such as sweating, increased heart beat, and difficulty breathing. The stress comes from worrying about past performance, how others are doing, or the fear of failure. Focusing on such things fuels the anxiety and leaves no thoughts or mental space for thinking about the test questions. Test anxiety can also be caused by lack of preparation such as cramming, bad time management, not organizing test information, or poor study habits. (University of Buffalo) Test anxiety can become a vicious cycle; the more a student worries or focuses on the bad things the stronger the feeling of anxiety. The person will continue to feel worse and be filled with distracting thoughts and therefore not be able to perform well even though the student may have known the information necessary. There can be many effects of test anxiety such as nervousness or mental blocking University of Buffalo). Nervousness brings difficulty reading and understanding test questions, difficulty organizing thoughts, difficulty remembering key words or concepts for essay questions, and doing poorly on a test when the student knows the material. Mental blocking can be going blank on questions or remembering the correct answer right after the test ends. Sometimes students will study and know the material but because of the anxiety they suffer from they can not perform well, because of nervousness and mental blocking. There are many ways to reduce test anxiety being prepared or anticipating the on set of anxiety will really help as well as asking for help (Kids Health). The following is a collaborated list of preparation to reduce test anxiety. Approach the exam with confidence (Study Guides and Strategies) Learn material thoroughly so that you can still remember it under stress Self test as much as possible Avoid laziness and procrastination Use good time management Avoid cramming and the desire to do so Strive to stay relaxed and concentrate Avoid conversation or talking to those who are next to you or that will speak negatively. Have a healthy lifestyle: get enough sleep, eat well, exercise, and â€Å"down time† Sit in a well lit area of the room with the least distractions Be on time for the test Read test instructions and directions carefully Take slow deep breaths when the test is being passed out and when needed during testing Stay focused on only the exam Avoid day dreaming Make flash cards or outlines to study with Take good notes and review them after every class. The environment that the student studies in is very important to preparing and reducing test anxiety. The noise should be minimized and not distracting. Some students may need some noise while others may need silence. It may be a good idea to not answer the phone while studying to keep distraction done. Good lighting is a must. Seventy five watt bulbs are suggested to be best. It is better to keep the room cool rather then warm. Choose an area that has plenty of space and is not cramped. Your study time may also go smoother if the area is neat and tidy, so take a few minutes and clean up. Study at a desk with a straight back chair so you do not get to comfortable and want to sleep. Have everything you need to study with before you start so there are no distractions, this may include drinks and snacks. (University of Buffalo) Teachers also need to provide an environment that is appropriate for any kind of assessment that they are giving. It may also be necessary for students that suffer from test anxiety to be tested in a different room or be provided other resources and tools to be able to perform adequately. During the test a student can also use different strategies to reduce anxiety. Be sure to read the directions carefully and budget the test taking time. Change positions periodically throughout the test to help keep you relaxed. If you go blank or can not think of an answer skip the question and come back if there is time. When taking an essay test and you can not think of the answer on any of the questions just start writing and it may come to you. Most important do not panic even if other students are turning in their papers; you do not have to finish first. If you start to tense up or get anxious just relax and remember you are in control. Take slow deep breaths, stop and think about the next step and try to stay on task. Try to use positive reinforcement, look at what you have done. Expect some anxiety and use it to your benefit as a driving force. (Study Guides and Strategies) When someone comes aware that they may suffer from test anxiety that person should seek help. Tell your teacher and/or counselor so that special measures can be taken to assure that you can do your best. There are also local resources that may be able to help. Test anxiety is a real condition that needs to treated and addressed. Kubiszyn, Tom and Borich, Gary, Educational Testing and Measurement Classroom Application and Practice 8th Edition, pg. 50-51, 2007. Landsberger, Joe, Dealing with Test Anxiety, Study Guides and Strategies, www.studygs.net/tstprp8.htm, 4-12-07 University of Buffalo, Test Anxiety, http://ub-counseling.buffalo.edu/stresstestanxiety.shtml, 4-12-07 www.sdc.uwo.ca/learning/mcanx.html, Managing Test Anxiety, 4-12-07 Hurley, Ednalyn K., Understanding and Preventing Test Anxiety www.kidshealth.org/teen/school_jobs/school/test_anxiety.html, Test Anxiety, 4-12-07 Research Papers on Understanding and Preventing Test AnxietyStandardized TestingResearch Process Part OnePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThe Spring and AutumnOpen Architechture a white paperThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Project Managment Office SystemHip-Hop is Art

How Oprah Winfrey Overcame Failure

How Oprah Winfrey Overcame Failure Imagine being born in rural 1950s Mississippi to an impoverished teenage mother. Imagine suffering abuse from the age of 9, then running away from home at 13, only to become pregnant at 14 and lose your first child. Now imagine you’re Oprah. Sound implausible? It’s actually true. Oprah was able to turn the tables on this disastrous upbringing, but it took guts and grit. She moved to Tennessee to live with her father, and began to excel in school. She did well in speech and debate. She even won a state beauty pageant. All while working part-time reading news for a local radio station until she could earn a scholarship to college at Tennessee State.In college, this wounded girl became a powerhouse of a woman. She majored in communications, and landed her first post-graduation job at a Nashville station. That turned into a bigger gig with an ABC affiliate in Baltimore. Soon after that, she was hired as a primetime news co-anchor, an incredible feat considering she was a yo ung, black woman in an era where old, white men made and enforced all the rules.There was a publicity campaign before her debut. The network wanted to broaden their viewership. Suddenly, Oprah Winfrey was thrust into the spotlight with high expectations. She was set up for failure. When the show failed, she was blamed- and not her old, white, male co-host. She was demoted to a writing and reporting gig, but was a slow writer and too caring for the kind of hard-nosed reporting required. (On one notable occasion, she was so moved by the plight of a family who had lost their things in a fire, that she donated some of her blankets and supplies to them, drawing flack from her boss.)Even Oprah herself looks back on these years as a failure. But she did not give up. Instead, she took stock of the situation, realized that, while she loved television, she preferred human interest stories to hard news. And while she loved hosting, she had to have significant chemistry with a co-host to make t hat relationship worthwhile.Eventually, all of this soul-searching paid off. She took a job co-hosting a show called People are Talking with Richard Sher. To anyone else, this would have been considered a step down. But Oprah made lemonade. The show was successful enough to run for five years, after which Oprah was recruited to host a morning talk show in Chicago. That show became a household name. And Oprah became an international sensation.What Oprah had was a unique combination of empathy, determination, and the ability to keep moving forward when all else had fallen apart. Her ability to excel in business while not being business-oriented is a marvel. Moral of the story? Have passion, believe in your dreams, believe in yourself even when no one else does, and keep going when hope is lost. Don’t be afraid to fail.Oprah Winfrey: A Profile in Failure

The Legal Implication of Job Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Legal Implication of Job Analysis - Essay Example Task-oriented approach of job analysis states that the approach is concerned with the performance of the employees with regard to respective tasks assigned to them in order to measure their efficiency and accuracy for improvement (Siddique, 2004). Discuss the legal implication of job analysis The legal laws pertaining to employment in the United States are identified as title VII of the Civil Right Act, i.e. Equal Employment Opportunity Act (1972), Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (1978) and American with Disabilities Act (1990). Civil Right Act states that the companies should frame its selection process in such a manner, so that there should not be any kind of cultural diversification and all the employees should enjoy equal rights and opportunities in a company. Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (1978) reveals that the company should have a proper design and guidelines for their selection process so that every cultured individual can apply for the job available. American with Disabilities Act (1990) relates to the actuality that every company should reserve a certain number of vacancies or seats for the disabled individuals (Oregon State University, 2003). The case Wards Cove Packing Co. vs. Atonio, 490 U.S. 642 (1989), states that a few of the cannery workers belonging to the nonwhite community had filed a law suit in the District Court under Title VII of the Civil Right Act of 1964 against Wards Cove Packing Co for its ‘discriminatory hiring practices’. Furthermore, the court asked the company to â€Å"provide legitimate justification† for continuing the business process further. With regard to the referred case, it can be stated in relation to Johnson that the enterprise should not engage any form of favoritism in their recruiting process because such prejudices could lead to the collapse of the company (Scanlan, 2004). Discuss Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (1978) and its impli cations on acceptable selection procedures According to the US legal law, Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (1978) state certain principles which include the need for uniformity, purpose of guidelines and relation to prior guidelines. Furthermore, need for uniformity can be stated as the Federal government’s desire which is related to the unvarying principles considered in the selection procedure such as questions used in the tests and other selection criteria among others. The other principle, that is the purpose of the guidelines state that these principles have been formulated in order to serve every employer with the same principles. Moreover, the guidelines ensure that the principles are considered as a single set for assisting the employer, labour organisations and employment agencies along with certification boards to abide by the regulations laid down by the Federal government. Additionally, this principle helps to prohibit the practice of inequity i n the selection process such as race, religion, national origin and sex along with colour. Lastly, the aspect of relation to proper guidelines states that the guidelines of the selection procedure pertaining to the employees are based upon certain guiding principles (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1999).

Intimate Partner Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Intimate Partner Violence - Essay Example It occurs on a continuum, ranging from one hit that may or may not impact the victim to chronic, severe battering. Victims of domestic violence who are overwhelmingly women, are at high risk for mental problems (Intimate partner violence: Intervention in primary health settings by Carlson and McNutt, 1998). There are four main types of intimate partner violence (Intimate partner violence surveillance: uniform definitions and recommended data elements by Saltzman et al. 2002): Physical violence is the intentional use of physical force with the potential for causing death, disability, injury, or harm. Physical violence includes, but is not limited to, scratching; pushing; shoving; throwing; grabbing; biting; choking; shaking; slapping; punching; burning; use of a weapon; and use of restraints or one's body, size, or strength against another person. Sexual violence is divided into three categories: 1) use of physical force to compel a person to engage in a sexual act against his or her will, whether or not the act is completed; 2) attempted or completed sex act involving a person who is unable to understand the nature or condition of the act, to decline participation, or to communicate unwillingness to engage in the sexual act, e.g., because of illness, disability, or the influence of alcohol or other drugs, or because of intimidation or pressure; and 3) abusive sexual contact. Psychological and emotionalIntimate Partner Violence 2 emotional violence may involve trauma to the victim caused by acts, threats of acts, or other coercive tactics. Compared to White women, Latinas tend to be younger, to have lower socioeconomic backgrounds and lower educational levels, factors that are known to increase intimate partner violence. (Sociodemographic predictors and cultural barriers to help-seeking behavior by Latina and Anglo American battered women by West, Kantor and Jasinski, 1998).In the field of practice, intimate partner violence among Latino households had increased over the years. Krishnan etal. (1997) in Documenting domestic violence among ethnically diverse populations: Results from a preliminary study, noted that approximately 61% of Anglo Americans reported experiencing partner violence in the past compared with 36.5% of Latina women in the U.S. There is a need to address the specific requirements of the Latina situation.I would like to focus on the frequency and extent of IPV in terms of the ethnic and soci odemographic data. The socioeconomic data I will propose are the age, gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic factors (SES). An added data that I will use is the data on past physical abuse and present physical abuse. The theoretical framework that I will use is the Anderson and Umberson framework which characterizes gender as performance. They found that the men in their study "attempted to construct masculine identities through the practice of violence and the discourse about their violence that they provide" (GENDERING VIOLENCE: Masculinity and Power in Men's Accounts of Domestic Violence by Anderson and Umberson 2001; 359). They also contend that the subjective accounts provided by men about their viole

Waiting for Death in `A Rose for Emily` and `Old Ladies Home’ Essay Example for Free

Waiting for Death in `A Rose for Emily` and `Old Ladies Home’ Essay William Faulkner wrote, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† at a time when society was undergoing change. The South had lost the Civil War and the southern people were finding it hard to let go of the past. Emily is the symbolic representation of this resistance to change. She becomes numb emotionally simply carrying out the routine of life without any characteristic resistance while the people around her become onlookers. Similarly, Sylvia Plath’s poem â€Å"Old Ladies Home† relates the dehumanization of the inhabitants. The people in the Home have ceased to exist for the outside world. The women in the Home are existing like insects quiet and without character as the people around them move about, detached and cold. Analysis of the Theme and Symbolism In Faulkner’s short story, Emily, after her father’s death she became a recluse and stopped living. Her life became a part in history and it seemed she and the people around him simply waited for her death. She was described as, †¦a slight woman, though thinner than usual, with cold, haughty black eyes in a face the flesh of which was strained across the temples and about the eye-sockets as imagine a lighthouse-keepers face ought to look (Kirszner, 58). Faulkner shows the concept of death and how death can become a release when life becomes status quo. The reader is told in great detail about the position of Emily and her father in the town and the manner in which their life has changed. In Plath’s poem we read about the ladies wearing black and being ‘sharded’ in it. The words used to describe these women are, â€Å"Sharded in black, like beetles, Frail as antique earthenwear One breath might shiver to bits†¦ Age wears the best black fabric Rust-red or green as lichens. † The decay of the fabric represents the decay of their life. The nurses call them ‘ghosts’ and the beds are said to resemble ‘coffins’. The nature of the Home and the change in their life from youthful to aged shows the contrast of life to death. The concept of death and decay is prevalent in the story by Faulkner as well for he describes the decaying house as an eyesore among eyesores (Kirszner, 55). The decay represents the decay of Emily’s family’s position in society. The decaying body of Homer found after Emily Greison’s death also represents how things can get corrupted when change is not accepted. Emily was so steeped in her life in the past that she could not function in the present. Her father’s death and the death of her fiance caused her to give up on life and start a slow wait for her own death. The words Faulkner used to describe Emily and her situation included the smell and people going to her slunk around while the actual reality of Emily’s life became a tableau for the people of the town shown through the words, â€Å"We had long thought of them as tableau, Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back-flung front door (Kirszner, 57). † Both Plath and Faulkner used the symbols and imagery of decay to show the progress of death. As the story and poem progress, death becomes the ultimate goal. The words and imagery in both the texts shows the frailness of the women. Through a description of the house Faulkner showed the change in Emily’s life. Her house decayed from a mansion to one that became a representation of failure and death. The crumbling walls became a source of fascination for the people and Emily ceased to exist as a person to them, rather she became a representation of the past [Allen, 1984]. The townspeople did not try to reach out or help her, they just focused on her life in fascination. Plath too, created a picture of the old women as decaying objects rather than human beings. They are described as insects and their progression towards death becomes inevitable. The words, ‘The old women creep out here†¦Ã¢â‚¬  are used to describe them and the word ‘creep’ is similar to Faulkner’s use of ‘slink’ to show the dehumanization of Emily and the others view of her as a symbol rather than a human. We see Plath go on to write, ‘Needles knit in a bird-beaked Counterpoint to their voices: Sons, daughters, daughters and sons, Distant and cold as photos†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The relationship between the women and their relatives is similar to the one Emily had with the townspeople. There was no warmth or love between them and the only connection was one of the past. The women’s relatives came out of a sense of obligation and duty and the visits were like looking at old photographs with no feelings. Like Faulkner writes, â€Å"Thus she passed from generation to generation dear, inescapable, impervious, tranquil, and perverse (Faulkner, 5), Emily’s life stood still. Her relationship with the world at large became stagnant and there was nothing to associate her life with being alive. Similarly, Plath [2009] uses the words, Age wears the best black fabric, to show how the women have stopped living and are in a constant state of mourning. They cling to every morsel of life and their very fragility shows the fragile threads of life and death. Conclusion: As we have seen Plath and Faulkner both wrote about the decay of life and the approach of death. They focused on the slow decomposition of human life physically and emotionally and how people become a ghost of their old selves as death approaches. However, while conceptually the similarities in the two texts may seem extraordinary there is a basic difference between these two narrations. Faulkner, wrote more of the decay and destruction of life figuratively, and how through the resistance to change humans become corrupted in their life. He wrote more of the death of a way of life, creating Emily and her life as a symbol of societal change. Plath, on the other hand discussed death in the physical concept. She presented the decomposition of human life and the loss of individuality as the progress of old age becomes eminent. The ladies in the poem were waiting for their death and had become mere shells of their former body. This stark contrast between the two texts creates a broader theme which suggests that without change human life ceases to exist and with the decay of the human body, life is but a wait for death. References: Allen, Dennis W. Horror and Perverse Delight: Faulkners A Rose for Emily. Modern Fiction Studies, Vol. 30, No. 4, Winter 1984, pp. 685-96. Plath, Sylvia Old Ladies Home accessed April 20, 2009 http://www. angelfire. com/tn/plath/home. html Kirszner, Laurie G. , and Stephen R. Mandell. A Rose for Emily. Fort Worth. Harcourt, 1997.

Prosopagnosia: Seeing the World through Fog-Colored Glasses :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Prosopagnosia: Seeing the World through Fog-Colored Glasses With impressive consistency, the visual system, along with each accompanying component that in sum total constitutes a person, develops without error. Patterns of input impinge on complex layers of cells, with the resulting neural interpretation allowing us to negotiate the spatial world around us such that we may avoid causing harm to ourselves or to others. Various devices and techniques have been devised to allow those who are not equipped with a similarly functioning visual system to escape natural selection's discerning grasp. However, various gradations of dysfunction exist between perfect and no vision, which complicate the life of the person suffering from these disorders no less. The disorder prosopagnosia, in particular, otherwise known as "face blindness," causes a crippling deficit in a person's ability to recognize faces (1, 2, 3, 6, 7). It is a somewhat ill understood and deceiving phenomenon. Those individuals suffering from prosopagnosia are able to see perfectly well , to the extent that their perception of visual stimuli is not impaired. However, when presented with a person's face, they are utterly unable to recall having seen that face or having interacted with the person attached to it. Some people would make the distinction between prosopagnosia and facial agnosia (4, 8), with the former applying only to familiar faces while the latter applies more generally to prevent the recognition of any faces. While this might suggest memory impairment as a possible cause, evidence for perceptual deficits has been consistent (4), thereby refuting the notion that these individuals are simply not able to remember people they have encountered. Specifically, the locus of damage that results in prosopagnosia appears to be the medial occipitotemporal cortex (4), though the disorder may be congenital or acquired (2). Lesions in this somewhat posterior and deeply embedded region of the brain, suggested by some researchers to be bilateral in the instance of this disorder, would be consistent with the presented deficits in perception. However there are certain elements of the research and the disorder which seem counterintuitive. For instance, that these "face blind" individuals only ci te difficulty in recognizing familiar faces suggests that the problem may be more than just perceptual. Furthermore, there is separate evidence suggesting that visual processing occurs on a unilateral level (4), and that stimuli are perceived contralaterally. This orientation does not preclude a bilateral lesioning being at the root of prosopagnosia, however it does offer some complicating factors.

Literacy Essay Essay

For as long as I can remember literature has always played an important role in my life. As a young child, I can remember how excited I’d be at story time each night before bed. My interest in literature carried on throughout my school years†¦ from kindergarten†¦ when I was placed in the red bird group, which was the group of strongest readers†¦. to high school†¦when I had the benefit of being taught by one of the best English teachers ever, Ms. Irena King. Now as an adult and professional, I am very appreciative of the literary foundation that was laid for me by my family and my teachers. I understand how important literacy is in everyday life. First, as a young child, literacy played a very important role in my life even before I could read. I was always fond of books of all kinds. Coloring books, magazines, and picture books†¦I loved them all. I remember each trip to the grocery store; I would always get a new â€Å"Little Golden Book†. I absolutely had to have the entire collection and would want them read to me each night before bed. My favorite of this collection was â€Å"The Gingerbread Man†. I would sit for hours and look at the pictures. My mother would often encourage me to keep an interest in books. She always kept a subscription of â€Å"Highlights Magazine† for me and I would watch the mail each day in hopes that a new issue had arrived. As I grew older, my love for books did not change, but the type of books I wanted did. I had the largest collection of â€Å"Sweet Valley High† books and was a faithful subscriber to â€Å"Fresh Magazine†. I think that these are some of my fondest memories from my childhood, and I am so appreciative of my family’s support of my passion for reading. Next, my interest for literature carried on from my early years to my school years. This was very evident when I started kindergarten. I vividly remember there were different groups within our kindergarten class.

Music Festival Featuring Adrian Brendel and Till Fellner

Adrian Brendel developed a strong affection towards music while a student at Winchester College, Cambridge University.   At the college Frans Hermerson, one of his tutors at Cologne music Conservatoire, lectured him. Some of his contemporaries on master level include; Alban Berg quartet and Gyorgy Kurtag. He was also a member of the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center, one of the most prestigious young artist schemes from 2002. He is the brainchild of Music at Plush, musical season held yearly in summers in Southwest England. Andrian Brendel is a showman with a crooning voice that is clear and elaborate. He is oriented towards classical attunement, always with a comprehensive edge of the composer’s intentions. Andrian Brendel has earned himself an icon of a cellist musical vanguard in our contemporary generation. He has been staging dramatic solo musical concerts all over the world. He is a good team collaborator who has worked with musical juggernauts like Imogen Cooper, Paul Lewis, and Till Fellner among others. In this research finding, however, we are centered on Adrian Brendel and Till Fellner. Adrian father is known as Alfred Brendel an octogenarian musical Icon, they have also been timing up with his father to perform Beethoven’s music for cello and piano in huge gatherings worldwide with promising appeal from the public. With his dad they have recorded Philip’s and the translation of a colossal A major Sonata, which featured notably on the BBC channel among other explicit musical and radio channels. Their modest concert expositions have been centered in Amsterdam, Lucerene, Florence, Frankfurt, and Royal Scottish national Ochestra. He has gone beyond as far as recording for radio companies including BBC, ORF, and NDR, WDR all based in Europe. Till Fellner Till Fellner was born in Vienna in 1970 and he went to further studies with Meira Farkas, Oleg Maisenberg, Claus-Christian Schuster and Alfred Brendel the father to Andrian Brendel. Till Fellner musical career has seen him perform in most cherished orchestras, this include; the St Martin in the Fields, BBC Symphony Orchestra, Camerata Salzburg, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, among others. He anchored his musical career on the international scenes when he won the first prize at the prestigious Clara Haskil International Competition in 1993. His chamber music constituted the Alban Berg Quartet, Lisa Batiashvili, Adrian Brendel, Mark Padmore and not forgetting heinrich Schiff. Till Fellner has greatly moved around the world pocking in most incredible musical centers in continental Europe, America, Australia and Far east. He has also featured in crucial world festivals, just but to name a few;   Scubertiade Schwarzenberg the Mozart festival New York and this where they teamed up with Andrain Brandel where they aroused the crowd. Felliner’s first performance was in 1995, he then featured mostly in New York with big time orchestras like the Chicago Symphony and the Los Angeles Philharmonic. Felliner has shared the honor of Tobey Maguire a Spider-Man movie star, its true that he doesn’t parallel Maguire in terms of screen persona though his has been persistent in his music that is unfailingly earnest. It is evident that most of Fellner teachers have complimented his musical ingredients that are inclined towards premiership. Kent Nagano a conductor upholds the notion that Fellner’s music has a special kind of truth and natural character. Brandel and Fellner Mr. Brendel and Feller met in 1990 at Vienna Conservatory School where Fellner was studying. At this juncture Brendel had an opportunity to listen to Fellner and it sounded fantastic for his music was agreeable to him. They have been meeting occasionally to discuss on repertory and playing on two pianos.   Mr Fellner and Adrian Brendel have since been performing in many concerts and even in birthdays. One summer they perfomed for Brendel senior, Adrian’s father in his 75th birthday. They performed ‘Lied’ during this occasion. Lied is dubbed from a British composer Harrison Birtwistle written as an honorary piece dedicated to the elderly Brandel. These duets have been complimenting each other and Brendel concur that Fellner is predominantly an intellectual player. Recently, Till Fellner and Adrian Brandel have featured in musical season was scheduled 2006-07. They perfomed in myriad places which included Montreal, Paris, London, Tokyo, New York among others. In New York they staged a duo tour with Adrian Brandel. Tell Fellner has recorded myriad prolific CDs that have been selling explicitly, the first book of Bach’s ‘The well tempered Klavier’ was realesed in 2004. Because of Tinnitus complication, an ear sickness, he had to terminate a musical concert that was held in Mozart festival at Lincoln in 2005. He however undergone treatment and he performs even better that before. Music mood Andrian and Fellner constitute a very magnificent duo; poetic, ingenious, coherent, dynamic and well matched musical artists. In the event that Brendel’s intonation is not realistic, both that duet could refine the music within its boundaries. The Duet brings out explicit melodies that rhyme with the aura of passion; their stage is typically formal precisely, and more so when they hinge on the outer-movement rewind. The guitar like paraphernalia is harmoniously employed in blending the melodies. Held between the knees and bowed it ushers a flowing and impish scenario. Lied’s piece of art comes out in a screaming tone that fill’s the room melancholically; the sound however is sepulchral, economic and spare, it portrays the oozing darkness. These variations were likened to the Chinese whispers. The Lied piece progress in a mood that was symbolic, with course dichotomies and outrageous declamations, that depict somber atmosphere perhaps more to those connotations in funeral. The performances evolve in splendid demonstration where the duet depict and eludes from the mythic archetypes. Persons in search of heroism would definitely seize the opportunity to dub a few magnificent traces in the sonatas played by the duet. Something close to the heroic Beethoven, the heaven-storming romantic. The music unfolds tentatively with hypnotizing tones that traverse across the rhythmic domains. They brake into elementary eccentric point that disappears in thin air leaving a polite silence. The chronological presentation of the sonatas F sharp and the E minor and E flat was an indication of predominant musical ingenuity that exposed the duet’s musical wit, vigor, power and vitality References: http://www.classicalsource.com/db_control/db_concert_review. http://www.query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage http:// www.bach-cantatas.com/bio/brendel http:// www.chatelet-theatre.com/biographie.php http:// www.colbertartists.com/ArtistBio http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred

What are some of the main difficulties faced by women lawyers in

What are some of the main difficulties faced by women lawyers in What are some of the main difficulties faced by women lawyers in Canada, and what can be done to make it easier for women lawyers to succeed – Essay Example Main Difficulties Faced by Women Lawyers in Canada, and What Can be Done to Make it Easier for Women Lawyers to Succeed Main Difficulties Faced by Women Lawyers in Canada, and What Can be Done to Make it Easier for Women Lawyers to SucceedIntroduction Conceivably the highly dramatic change occurring in the labor market for lawyers over the past twenty years or so is the fast increase of the number of women in the profession. However, their numerical increase has not resulted to a corresponding increase in power, income and status from the profession. Women lawyers in Canada have faced and indeed continue to encounter various challenges in their professional endeavors as discussed hereunder.Main Difficulties Faced By Women Lawyers in CanadaThe issue of motherhood and marriage life is one challenge facing women in the legal profession. This is because it has led to women receiving less amount of pay compared to men under same conditions of work. This is based on the discrimination of w omen as it is assumed that they work less as they are tied to family issues according to Kaye and Reddy (2008). It is argued that mothers and married women work for fewer hours as lawyers, and in most cases do not work on fulltime bases hence the discrimination in terms of payment. Secondly, women lawyers face difficulties in their profession due to pregnancy. Women lawyers have faced the difficulty of getting recruited in law firms due to gender discrimination based on pregnancy. When women get pregnant, they experience bodily changes both physically and psychologically, and this is likely to interfere with their profession activities. In this respect, when they get pregnant, they are required to take a break from work. As a result they end up having little to do for their profession at this time of their life, and this is a challenge to the law firms they work for.Thirdly, women lawyers face difficulties by being proportionally underrepresented in private sector practice and overr epresented in government, public defender, corporate/private industry and legal aid work. Despite this, in organizations within which women are presented, they are usually concentrated in the bottom positions in terms of status and income. In private practice, women are underrepresented in the ranks of supervisor, partner and general counsel.Yet again, women in the legal profession face denial of the rights and are in most cases loaded with responsibilities on gender basis. Women lawyers are not being given equal opportunities for growth compared to their male counterparts. Women, as a result, tend to be given office work and are denied the chance engage in the real practice of their profession. This is because they are regarded as weak and highly emotional compared to men.Finally, another difficulty facing women lawyers in Canada is the issue of sexual harassment and humiliation during court proceedings as suggested by Morton (2002). Sometimes the women lawyers are threatened of se xual harassment even by their clients and even by fellow lawyers. This has led to less women engaging in this profession.What Can Be Done To Make It Easier For Women Lawyers to SucceedThe establishment of women rights organizations which fight for the rights of women lawyers against discrimination may be a step toward winning the war for women in the legal profession. These organizations should enact provisions which will help in protecting women in this profession. Moreover, such existing firms should adopt more provocative measures to ensue that women who face these difficulties do not leave the profession but are given appropriate support. Women’s organizations such as the Women’s Law Association have emerged in order to help women counter these difficulties according to Abel and Lewis (1995). Another way to counter the difficulties faced by female lawyers is by establishing counseling and mentorship programs in their favor. Through these programs, women lawyers sho uld be encouraged to face such difficulties with determination since some of them like family issues are hard to avoid. Women lawyers should be counseled on how to balance their family life and work life in order to succeed.Women also need to adopt social networks which will enable them understand how to handle their clients and fellow lawyers. In such a case, women lawyers will be able to fight against sexual harassment and other humiliating behaviors in court proceedings. This is because the social networks help women lawyers in establishing and maintaining important relationships with fellow lawyers and clients.The government should enact provisions which are against the discrimination of women in legal firms. This will ensure that women recruited in the law firms are treated similarly with men. This will lead women toward high motivation at work in the legal field leading to a successful career.ConclusionIn conclusion women lawyers in Canada have been facing difficulties in thei r profession and this is mostly due to the factors outlined above. This has led to a situation whereby women are losing interest in the profession and many who study law do not end up working as legal experts. ReferencesKaye,J.S. & Reddy, A.C. (2008). The Progress of women lawyers at big firms: steadied or simply studied? Fordham law Review. Vol74,issue 4, 1942-1974Abel, R.L. & Lewis. P.C. (1995). Lawyers in Society: An Overview. California: University of California Press.Morton,F.L. (2002). Law, Politics and the Judicial Process in Canada. Calgary: University of Calgary Press.

Why Atoms Form Chemical Bonds With Each Other

Why Atoms Form Chemical Bonds With Each Other Atoms form chemical bonds to make their outer electron shells more stable. The type of chemical bond maximizes the stability of the atoms that form it. An ionic bond, where one atom essentially donates an electron to another, forms when one atom becomes stable by losing its outer electrons and the other atoms become  stable (usually by filling its valence shell) by gaining the electrons. Covalent bonds form when sharing atoms results in the highest stability. Other types of bonds besides ionic and covalent chemical bonds exist, too. Bonds and Valence Electrons The very first electron shell only holds two electrons. A hydrogen atom (atomic number 1) has one proton and a lone electron, so it can readily share its electron with the outer shell of another atom. A helium atom (atomic number 2), has two protons and two electrons. The two electrons complete its outer electron shell (the only electron shell it has), plus the atom is electrically neutral this way. This makes helium stable and unlikely to form a chemical bond. Past hydrogen and helium, its easiest to apply the octet rule to predict whether two atoms will form bonds and how many bonds they will form. Most atoms need eight electrons to complete their outer shell. So, an atom that has two outer electrons will often form a chemical bond with an atom that lacks two electrons to be complete. For example, a sodium atom has one lone electron in its outer shell. A chlorine atom, in contrast, is short one electron to fill its outer shell. Sodium readily donates its outer electron (forming the Na ion, since it then has one more proton than it has electrons), while chlorine readily accepts a donated electron (making the Cl- ion, since chlorine is stable when it has one more electron than it has protons). Sodium and chlorine form an ionic bond with each other to form table salt (sodium chloride). A Note About Electrical Charge You may be confused about whether the stability of an atom is related to its electrical charge. An atom that gains or loses an electron to form an ion is more stable than a neutral atom if the ion gets a full electron shell by forming the ion. Because oppositely charged ions attract each other, these atoms will readily form chemical bonds with each other. Why Do Atoms Form Bonds? You can use the periodic table to make several predictions about whether atoms will form bonds and what type of bonds they might form with each other. On the far right-hand side of the periodic table is the group of elements called the noble gases. Atoms of these elements (e.g., helium, krypton, neon) have full outer electron shells. These atoms are stable and very rarely form bonds with other atoms. One of the best ways to predict whether atoms will bond with each other and what type of bonds they will form is to compare the electronegativity values of the atoms. Electronegativity is a measure of the attraction an atom has to electrons in a chemical bond. A large difference between electronegativity values between atoms indicates one atom is attracted to electrons, while the other can accept electrons. These atoms usually form ionic bonds with each other. This type of bond forms between a metal atom and a nonmetal atom. If the electronegativity values between two atoms are comparable, they may still form chemical bonds to increase the stability of their valence electron shell. These atoms usually form covalent bonds. You can look up electronegativity values for each atom to compare them and decide whether an atom will form a bond or not. Electronegativity is a periodic table trend, so you can make general predictions without looking up specific values. Electronegativity increases as you move from left to right across the periodic table (except for the noble gases). It decreases as you move down a column or group of the table. Atoms on the left-hand side of the table readily form ionic bonds with atoms on the right side (again, except the noble gases). Atoms in the middle of the table often form metallic or covalent bonds with each other.

Business ethics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business ethics - Term Paper Example This company has segmented its geographic environment into five regions, which include the Southern, Eastern, Western and Midwestern United States and Canada. All these regions are headed by a senior vice president. The company is also run by a board of directors and a chief executive officer. In addition, Waste Management Incorporation has subsidiaries, Waste Management Recycle America and Wheelabrator Technologies Incorporation, which are headed by a president. The company provides waste gathering, transportation, and reprocessing and disposal services. Waste Management incorporation carries on its activities as the world leader in waste management that range from medical and solid waste to extremely poisonous chemical waste. This organization has in the past been experiencing growth and increase in stock prices at healthy rates (Waste Management 1). The waste management industry has numerous players, with Waste Management Incorporation being the biggest player. It has a market sha re of 32 percent in both United States and Canada. Over the past four years, the company has witnessed net income decrease from $962M to $817M (Waste Management 1). ... ME 2,020.0 1,982.0 2,082.0 2,001.0 Interest Expense -426.0 -473.0 -481.0 -488.0 Interest and Investment Income 13.0 4.0 8.0 4.0 Other Non-Operating Expenses, Total -1.0 -16.0 -35.0 -48.0 Other Non-Operating Income (Expenses) 48.0 23.0 -8.0 13.0 Merger & Restructuring Charges -50.0 2.0 -20.0 -67.0 Gain (Loss) on Sale of Investments -5.0 -- -- -16.0 Other Unusual Items, Total -78.0 132.0 -34.0 -83.0 EBT, INCLUDING UNUSUAL ITEMS 1,473.0 1,631.0 1,520.0 1,303.0 Income Tax Expense 413.0 629.0 511.0 443.0 Minority Interest in Earnings -66.0 -49.0 -48.0 -43.0 Earnings from Continuing Operations 1,060.0 1,002.0 1,009.0 860.0 NET INCOME 994.0 953.0 961.0 817.0 NET INCOME TO COMMON INCLUDING EXTRA ITEMS 994.0 953.0 961.0 817.0 NET INCOME TO COMMON EXCLUDING EXTRA ITEMS 994.0 953.0 961.0 817.0 Balance Sheet (Waste Management 1) Currency in Millions of US Dollars As of: Dec 31 2009 Dec 31 2010 Dec 31 2011 Dec 31 2012 Assets             Cash and Equivalents 1,140.0 539.0 258.0 194.0 Tradi ng Asset Securities 13.0 1.0 -- -- TOTAL CASH AND SHORT TERM INVESTMENTS 1,153.0 540.0 258.0 194.0 Accounts Receivable 1,408.0 1,510.0 1,631.0 1,737.0 Other Receivables 119.0 146.0 144.0 102.0 Inventory 110.0 130.0 153.0 174.0 Other Current Assets 104.0 116.0 115.0 140.0 TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 3,010.0 2,482.0 2,379.0 2,423.0 NET PROPERTY PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 11,541.0 11,868.0 12,242.0 12,651.0 Long-Term Investments 32.0 508.0 710.0 667.0 Goodwill 5,632.0 5,726.0 6,215.0 6,291.0 Other Intangibles 238.0 295.0 457.0 397.0 Other Long-Term Assets 701.0 597.0 566.0 668.0 TOTAL ASSETS 21,154.0 21,476.0 22,569.0 23,097.0             LIABILITIES & EQUITY             Accounts Payable 567.0 692.0 838.0 842.0 Accrued Expenses 1,100.0 1,085.0 1,078.0 938.0 Current Portion of Long-Term Debt/Capital Lease 749.0